不同种类油茶籽油的品质分析与比较

为了了解不同加工工艺、不同贮藏时间对油茶籽油品质的影响,进而为日后生产上合理选择与控制加工工艺、消费时有效选择与使用油茶籽油提供理论与技术方面的依据,以3种油茶籽油——压榨毛油、浸出毛油、精炼成品油为原料,对其主要理化指标、脂肪酸组成与含量以及不同年份的变化情况进行了分析与比较。结果表明:这3种油在酸价、碘值、皂化值、过氧化值之间均存在极显著差异,在折光指数之间存在着显著差异。这3种油的脂肪酸组成及相对含量基本一致,均以油酸为主,含量都在74%以上;其次是棕榈酸,含量在13%~14%之间;再者就是亚油酸,含量约在7%~9%之间。三者的不饱和脂肪酸含量均超过84%,其中精炼成品油最高,压榨毛油次之,浸出毛油最低;单不饱和脂肪酸含量以压榨毛油最高,达76.967%,其次是精炼成品油,含76.646%,浸出毛油最低,为75.066%;多不饱和脂肪酸含量以浸出毛油最高,达9.300%,其次是精炼成品油,含8.000%,最低的是压榨毛油,为7.433%。不同年份生产的油茶籽压榨毛油,在脂肪酸相对含量上会发生一定的变化,从而对油的品质与贮藏稳定性产生一定的影响。     

核桃楸不同地点种子形态及苗期生长的初步研究

不同采种地点核桃楸种子形态及苗期生长指标的观测结果表明:江源的种子小,苗木生长量低,苗木生长变异系数大;磐石的种子较大,差异性小,出苗率高,苗高性状差异小,生长良好,且呈稳定增长趋势。所有采种地点的苗木地茎均无明显差异。综合不同采种地点的种子形态和苗期生长表现,磐石采种点的种子优于其他7个采种点,适合作优良种子使用。     

红椎种子不同方式浸种育苗技术试验

在红椎种子用0．3％的高锰酸钾溶液消毒后,采用不同方式清水浸种和ABT3号生根粉溶液浸种,营养土用红壤、火烧土、泥田土、谷壳、家禽粪、牛大便、钙镁磷等不同配置,经过一定时间发酵形成轻基质营养土,进行了容器育苗技术试验,结果显示：应用ABT3号生根粉溶液浸种的种子育苗平均发芽率,比应用清水浸种的种子育苗平均发芽率提高4．1％,轻基质容器育苗1年生的苗木,应用ABT3号生根粉溶液浸种育苗生长的苗木生长量平均高度、径粗、冠幅,分别比应用清水浸种育苗生长的苗木生长量平均苗高大11．23％、径粗12．50％,苗冠大6．12％。     

红松播种种子不同处理方法效果的研究

通过对红松种子进行3种不同方法的处理,在播种后,调查和分析不同处理方法对苗木生长情况的影响.结果表明,不同处理方法对苗木的发芽时间、出苗时间及出苗率影响较大;对苗木的高、径等性状指标的影响较大.3种方法中最好的是越冬埋藏法,其平均苗高4.4 cm,平均地径2.49 mm,生物量全干质量31.14 g.     

内源H2O2对水稻种子萌发的影响

通过用不同浓度的烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸（nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, NADPH）合成酶抑制剂碘二苯（diphenylene iodonium, DPI）及过氧化氢（hydrogen peroxide, H₂O₂）清除剂二甲基硫脲（dimethylthiourea, DMTU）分别培养水稻（Oryza sativa L.）种子,研究内源H₂O₂对种子萌发过程胚根、胚芽和胚根根尖活力等的影响。结果表明,DPI及DMTU培养的水稻种子其胚根生长和胚芽生长均受到抑制,尤其是DPI对胚根生长的抑制作用更为显著。DPI和DMTU对水稻种子萌发的影响均呈现出浓度效应,即浓度越高,抑制作用越强。其中,DPI对水稻种子萌发的抑制作用比DMTU的更为明显。此外,胚根根尖的超氧阴离子（superoxide anion, O ^2-）和H₂O₂含量随DMTU浓度增大而减少,根尖细胞受损也越严重。由此推测,内源H₂O₂可能参与调控水稻种子萌发过程。     

氯虫苯甲酰胺拌种对稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果及安全性评价

为减少水稻抽穗前田间稻纵卷叶螟的化学防治次数及用药量，降低对天敌的伤害及农药残留，最终实现稻纵卷叶螟的简约化防控，采用氯虫苯甲酰胺对水稻种子进行拌种处理，室内测定了药剂拌种对种子发芽的安全性，并结合不同栽培模式下的田间试验，评价了不同用量下氯虫苯甲酰胺拌种对稻纵卷叶螟的控制时长及保叶效果，明确了药剂拌种对天敌蜘蛛的影响及最终残留情况。结果表明:当氯虫苯甲酰胺按有效成分用量30~120 g/hm2拌种时，对种子的发芽率及出苗均无影响。直播稻模式下，氯虫苯甲酰胺按有效成分60 g/hm2拌种，播种后110 d，其保叶效果仍高达97.13%；旱育手栽秧模式下，氯虫苯甲酰胺按有效成分90 g/hm2拌种，播种后108 d保叶效果为82%以上，旱育机插秧模式下按有效成分90~120 g/hm2拌种，播种后90 d保叶效果仍在95%以上；3种模式下拌种处理的保叶效果及持效期均远优于常规喷雾防治。研究表明，利用氯虫苯甲酰胺对水稻种子进行拌种处理，可有效控制水稻前期及中期稻纵卷叶螟的为害，降低后期田间虫口基数，并且对田间天敌蜘蛛安全性高，同时在收获的稻谷中未检出氯虫苯甲酰胺残留(残留量低于定量限0.000 8 mg/kg)。在江苏省丘陵地区粳稻区应用氯虫苯甲酰胺拌种处理，可确保水稻直至抽穗初期无需再进行稻纵卷叶螟的防治，并可显著减少后期稻纵卷叶螟虫源基数，实现稻纵卷叶螟的简约化防治。     

我国花椰菜种业发展现状、市场需求及研究热点综述

综述了我国花椰菜产业情况及主栽品种区域分布现状,结合市场需求,指出如今研究的热点品类,如松花菜、西兰花及其各种类型用途的品种,最后总结出花椰菜种业存在的基本问题,如种质资源缺失,多抗品种短缺,加工型品种缺乏,种子生产技术落后、产量低、制种成本高等。     

Microtopographic structures facilitate plant recruitment across a saltmarsh tidal gradient

1. It is well known that establishment limitation is stronger than seed limitation in aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, it seems crucial during the recruitment recovery process to overcome this establishment limitation on bare or degraded patches.
2. Microtopographic structures have been shown to act as trap agents in saltmarshes. They can facilitate establishment, but this effect has not been quantitatively examined and assessed. This study examined the facilitative effect of microtopographic structures on plant recruitment in a dynamic saltmarsh system by conducting a series of field experiments along a saltmarsh tidal gradient.
3. A simple plant life‐cycle model was used to evaluate the dynamics of the plant recruitment process facilitated by microtopographic structure and the importance of each life stage. The influence of abiotic factors on each life stage was also assessed, to identify the determinants during the life history.
4. It was revealed that seed retention was the limiting factor in a bare saltmarsh area, rather than seed dispersal. Microtopographic structures can provide trap agents to facilitate seed anchorage. During seed retention, the stability of the microtopographic structure, especially its relative surface elevation difference, can be influenced by tidal events and the associated sediment process, which then affects seed retention efficiency.
5. Microtopographic structure has a strong environmental filtering effect that can revise the potential dispersed seed and emergence patterns, and the determinant of the final establishment pattern along a tidal gradient is the retention pattern resulting from the interactions between microtopographic structures and tidal events.
6. Furthermore, it can be designed into the early stage of recovery or restoration process so that it facilitates pioneer plant establishment. These early recruitment patches will speed up the recovery or succession process by (1) providing local seed sources, (2) retaining more seeds via the established vegetative structures, and (3) modifying microhabitat factors.